江西省九江市修水一中高二英语期中试题

C. Kauai is one of the Hawaiian Islands D. Kauai doesn’t belong to the Hawaiian Islands

68. In the writer’s opinion, Kauai .

A. is not worth visiting at all B. is well worth visiting

C. is not a beautiful island D. is a dangerous island

69. Who would like to visit Kauai?

A. Those who love nature. B. Those who love city life.

C. Those who love the comfort in a fine hotel. D. Those who love going shopping

70. Which of the following statements is false?

A. Many more people will probably come to Kauai after reading the passage.

B. You can practice in Kauai if you want to win a championship in surfing.

C. The weather in Kauai is changeable.

D. In Kauai there are top class hotels where food is served upon request.

D

In the same way that a child must be able to move his arms and legs before he can learn to walk, the child must physically be able to produce and experiment particular feelings before these feelings can be modified through learning. Psychologists have found that there are two basic processes by which learning takes place. One kind of learning is called ‘classical conditioning”. This take places when one event or stimulus(刺激) is always paired with, or followed by, a reward or punishment. It is through classical conditioning that a child learns to connect his mother’s face and voice with happiness and love, for he learns that this person provides food and comfort. Negative emotions are learned in a similar way.

The second kind of learning is called “operant conditioning”. This takes place when a person learns to do things that produce rewards in his environment and learns not to do things that produce punishments. For example, if a mother always attends to her baby when he cries and comforts him until he is quiet, she may teach him that if he cries he will get attention from mother. Thus, the baby will learn to increase his crying in order to have his mother more.

Every day, we grow and have new experiences. We never stop learning by reading, watching television, interacting with other people, and so on. This learning affects our emotions. Why is it that we learn to like some people and dislike others? If a person is nice to us, cares about us, we learn to connect this person with positive feelings, such as joy, happiness, and friendliness. On the other hand, if a person is mean to us, does not care about us, and even purposely does things to harm us, we learn to connect this person with negative feelings, such as unhappiness, discomfort, and anger.

71. The author’s main purpose in writing the passage is to ____.

A. teach children how to learn to produce and experience certain emotions

B. give the general reader an account of two basic kinds of learning

C. give parents some advice on how to modify their children’s emotions

D. discuss with psychologists how positive and negative feelings are produced

72. If your jokes often find a ready echo(反响) in a person, you will learn through ____ that telling jokes to this person is fun, and you will try with greater efforts to be humorous in his presence.

A. classical conditioning B. operant conditioning C. negative emotions D. any stimulus

73. In the third paragraph, the author is ____.

A. discussing how we grow and have new experience every day

B. talking about learning to modify emotions through operant conditioning

C. suggesting learning by reading, watching television, interacting with people, and so on

D. using examples to further explain learning through classical conditioning

74. In the paragraph following the third, the author will most probably go on to discuss ____.

A. what positive feelings and negative feelings are B. a third kind of learning

C. examples of learning through operant conditioning D. how a child learns to walk

75. What does the word “modify” probably mean according to the underlined one in paragraph 1?

A. to change and improve B. to give the meaning of C. to learn D. to get rid of

第II卷(非选择题，共45分)

第四部分 书面表达(共两节，满分45分)

第一节 阅读表达(共5小题;每小题3分，满分15分)

阅读下面短文并回答问题，然后将答案写到题后相应的位置上(请注意问题后的词数要求)。

People learn in different ways. Researchers give different names to different learning styles, but they all agree that students who understand their own styles can improve their study skills. The learning styles described below (visual, auditory, and tactile) are just three of the many ways to identify how people learn.

Visual learners have to “see it to believe it”. They often have good imaginations (they can picture things in their minds), and they may also have a good sense of colour and artistic ability. These learners may have trouble listening to lectures or instructions if there are no pictures or text to support what they hear. They may also find it hard to focus in a room where people are moving around.

Auditory learners remember information if _____________. They prefer to learn by listening and will often ask questions about things they read. Reading tasks can he difficult for these learners, and they can quickly lose their focus if there is too much noise in a room.

Tactile learners can learn and remember what they touch. That's why computers are a big help to these learners; the sense of touch (using the keyboard) helps them remember information. Tactile learners prefer to do “hands-on” activities such as role plays, science experiments, or project that involve buildings. They learn better when they do some sort of physical activity. Tactile learners need to take frequent breaks when they study because they don’t like sitting for long periods of time.

One thing is true for all learners, whether visual, auditory, or tactile: in the world of education, one of the most important subjects is learning how to learn.

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