高三英语复习教案：名词性从句复习

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本文题目：高三英语复习教案：名词性从句复习

【备考策略】

一、概念

在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句。名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组,它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等, 因此可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。主要考查语序问题、连接词选用、时态的 呼应等

Who will win the match is still unknown.

I want to know what he has told you.

The fact is that we have lost the game.

The news that we won the game is exciting.

2. 引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类:

从属连词： that, whether, if 不充当从句的任何成分

连接代词: what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whose, which, whichever. (作主、宾、表、补)

连接副词:

when, where, how, why, however, wherever(状)

主语从句的用法

一、主语从句在复合句中作主语, 它可

以位于句首, 但常见的主语从句多放在

句末,句首则用形式主语it。

1.That the earth is round is true.

= It is true that the earth is round

2. Whether he will come hasn’t been decided.

= It hasn’t been decided whether he will come.

注意: 连词that, whether在从句中不担任 句子成分,只起连接作用,不能省略 (注: if不可用来引导主语从句)

When he will go to America is not yet fixed.

(It is not yet fixed when he will go to America.)

Whoever leaves the room last should close the door.

Whatever we do must be in the interests of the people.

3.常见的it作形式主语的结构

1)It is a fact that he won the match.

2)It is necessary that we do study the English.

3)It is known to all that light travels in straight lines.

4)It seemed that he would come here

基本句型结构 常用词语

It is + 名词 + that从句 It is a fact/a shame/a pity/no wonder/

good news/…that…

It is + 形容词 + that从句 It is necessary/strange/important/

possible/likely/…that…这类主语从

句中,谓语动词常为(should)+动词原形

It is + 过去分词 + that从句 It is said/reported/decided/known/

…that…

It + 不及物动词 + that从句 It seemed/happened/doesn’t

matter/has turned out/…that

二、it 作形式主语和it引导强调句的比较

it 作形式主语代替主语从句,主要是为了平衡句子结构, 主语从句的连接词有变化。而it引导的强调句则是对句子某一部分进行强调,无论强调的是什么成分,都可用连词that。被强调部分指人是也可用who/whom。例如:

 It is a pity that you didn’t go to see the film.

 It doesn’t interest me whether you succeed or not.

 It is in the morning that the murder took place.

 It is John that broke the window.

宾语从句的用法

句子结构：

主句 + 连接词(引导词) + 宾语从句

1.We believe (that) he is honest.

2.Do you know what he said just now?

3.I don’t remember when we arrived

4.Lily wanted to know if /whether her grandma liked the handbag .

5.we should think of how we can do more for others

在think, believe, suppose, expect 等动词之后,宾语从句中谓语的否定常转移到主句的谓语上。

I don’t believe he will go.

We don’t expect he is coming.

I don’t think he can do it, can he?

You /They don’t think he can do it ,do they?

在接复合宾语的句子中, 为了保持句子平衡, 用it 作形式宾语,将从句放于句尾, 常接复合宾语的动词有: make, find, see, hear, feel, think...

I think it necessary that we take plenty of hot water every day.

I think it a pity to waste the food

表语从句的用法

在复合句中用作表语的从句是表语从句, 引导表语从句的关联词与引导主语从句的关联词大致一样,表语从句位于连系动词后,有时用as if引导。其基本结构为:主语 + 系动词 + that从句。

That’s what we should do.

That’s why I want to see you.

The reason for my absence was that I was ill.

1. be, seem, look等动词后均可跟表语从句：

My suggestion is that we should go shopping.

It seems that it is going to rain

2. as if, because 也可引导表语从句。

It looks as if it’s going to rain.

It was because I got up late.

3. 在非正式文体中,引导表语从句的that可以省略。如:

The trouble is (that) he is ill

注意:在表语从句中,当reason做主语时, 引导词只能用that,不能用because,如:他迟到的原因是因为他没有赶上早班车。 The reason why he was late was that he didn’t catch the early bus.

同位语从句的用法

在句中起同位语的作用.一般放在名词 fact , news , idea , promise, thought , suggestion,truth , hope , problem, information, belief, doubt, question dream advice, proof decision等之后,用以说明或解释前面的名词.

1.The question whether we need more time to do the work has not been discussed.

2.I have no idea when they will go.

3.The suggestion that the plan (should) be delayed will be discussed tomorrow.

名词suggestion,advice.order等词后的同位语从句的谓语动词要用should+动词原形,should可省略.

同位语从句有时被别的词把它和名词隔开：

The story goes that William Tell killed

the king with an arrow.

Word came that their team had won

九大热点问题

1..同位语从句与定语从句的区别

1).The news that the plane would take off on time made everybody happy.

2).The news that is spreading around the airport is that a heavy storm is coming.

3).The suggestion that students should learn something practical is worth considering.

4).The suggestion that they are considering is that students should learn something practical

同位语从句与定语 从句的不同之处

从句的作用不同：同位语从句用来进一步

说明前面名词的内容;定语从句用来修饰、

限定前面的名词(相当于一个定语)。

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