高三英语教案：介词与介词短语专项复习

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本文题目：高三英语教案：介词与介词短语专项复习

【备考策略】

一、介词和介词短语

介词是一种虚词，不能单独作句子成分，必须与名词或代词(相当于名词的其他词类短语或从句)构成介词短语，才能在句中充当某一个成分。介词短语在句中可充当状语，表语，定语及补语等成分。

How I wish every family had a large house with a beautiful garden!

Is this the reason he explained at the meeting for his carelessness in his work?

With a lot of difficult problems to settle, the newly-elected president is having a hard time.

二、连词

连词是用来连接词、短语、从句或句子的一种虚词不能独立担任句子成分。

按词义及其句法作用，连词可分为并列连词和从属连词。常见的并列连词有and, but, or, not only...but also, yet, either...or...等。常见的从属连词有when, because, if, though, as if, now that, until, unless等。

I saw Bob play the piano at John's party and on that occasion he was simply brilliant.

Not only is the teacher himself interested in football but all his students are beginning to show an interest in it.

Please follow your supervisor's instructions, or you'll offend him.

一、介词和介词短语

在高考试题中对介词的考查主要集中在常见介词搭配中。如：

1.for为了;因为

I apologised to the teacher for my being late.

For some reason, I refused his invitation.

2.without 没有

He came in without his manager's permission.

I wouldn't have finished the task without your help.

3.by 借助于某种手段

The old man earned his living by selling fruits.

4.over “在正上方(但未接触);超过”，多表示年龄，距离或跨越一定的高度

You can't wear a blue jacket over that shirt.

The plane can fly over the mountain.

5.beyond 超越(界限、范围、限度)，可指时间或程度

It's quite beyond me why such things have been allowed to happen.

6.across 表示从空间表面上横穿。through 表示从人体或物体的内部穿过，也可指抽象意义上的通过。

He suddenly saw Mary across the room. He pushed his way through the crowd of people to get to her.

7.besides“除……之外”，其宾语包括在内。

except“除了”，其宾语不包括在内。

except for强调整体中的细节，前后事物不属于同类。

but常和except互换，强调不在其中。

but for“要不是”，往往用在虚拟语气的含蓄条件句中。

Besides flowers, the pupils sent their teacher a nice greeting card for her birthday.

The article is very good except for some spelling mistakes.

二、连词

对连词的考查，近年高考主要集中在对从属连词和并列连词的考查上。对从属连词的考查主要集中在对其在不同从

句中的不同用法的考查;对并列连词的考查主要集中在对其

连接并列成分的用法以及特点上。

1.并列连词

(1)and, or和but

I must work hard, or I'll fail in the contest.

Make up your mind, and you'll get the chance.

—Would you like to come to dinner tonight?

—I'd like to, but I'm too busy.

(2)not only...but (also), as well as不但……而且

She plays not only the piano, but (also) the guitar.

Not only does he like reading stories, but also he can even write some.

(3)neither...nor “既不……也不……”; both...and...“两者都”;either...or...“不是……就是……”

Neither you nor he is to blame.

Either you or I am right.

(4)not...but... 不是……而是……

They were not the bones of an animal, but the bones of a

human being.

(5)for 因为

He is absent today, for he is ill.

注意：for是并列连词，不能置于含两个并列分句的句子的句首，只能将其放在两个分句中间。

(6)so, therefore因此

He hurt his leg, so he couldn't play in the game.

2.从属连词主要应用在各种状语从句中。

考点解析

直接考介词的高考题也许并不象别的那样语法题目多，但是介词却是考生最容易犯错误的语法项目之一。因此，通过高考题目对介词的考查的具体分类分析，来了解一下介词的句法功能和常考的容易混淆的介词还是很有必要的。

一、对介词句法功能的考查：

点拨：介词构成的短语，可以在句子中充当定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语等;介词有时在句子中活用为副词，充当状语。

【高考链接】The hurricane damaged many houses and business buildings;______，it caused 20 deaths.

A. or else B. therefore C. after all D. besides

解析：答案D。句意：飓风毁坏了很多的住房和商厦;另外，还造成20人死亡。besides这里用作副词，作状语，表“而且……，另外……，再说……”。

【高考链接】I couldn't do my homework with all that noise _______.( A. going on B. goes on C. went on D. to go on

解析：答案为A。 with后接复合宾语中的“动词+V-ing形式 ”作宾补。

【高考链接】Banging (猛推)open her door into mine , the driver shouted back : “Make me!” ___ this she stepped out of the garage.

A. For B. With C. From D. Upon

解析：答案为B。with this 随着这句话语。她一边说，一边走出了车库。

【高考链接】I don’t mind picking up your things from the store. ______ , the walk will do me good.

A. Sooner or later B. Still C. In time D. Besides

解析：答案为D。在这里介词besides 活用为副词，作状语，意思是“而且… …，另外… …，再说… …”。句子的意思是：另外，步行对我对我有好处。

【高考链接】I wanted two seats _______ Madame Curie for Friday night, so I rang the cinema to see if I could book two tickets.

A. of B. about C. to D. for

解析：答案为D。表示某个的电影座位(票)，英语用介词for作定语。注意介词of 表示所属关系，意思是“ … …的”。电影与座位(票)之间构不成所属关系。

二、对常用介词的辨析：

点拨：介词用法多且复杂，相近的意思又可以有不同的介词表示，介词更着重与动词、形容词和其他从句结合在一起进行考查，所以要根据语境和交际条件灵活运用介词;同时对常用的介词要重点进行区别整理。

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